Article
Environmental
 
Such a megaproject as the M.R.T. Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line is bound to have tremendous impact on the environment, both during construction and during subsequent operation of the completed line. Realizing the importance of alleviating these impacts, particularly for the directly affected community, MRTA has taken steps to ensure effective environmental management planning for the construction of the project as follows:

Noise

A number of measures have been applied to minimize impact of noise from construction activities on the community, such as:

- Careful scheduling of noisy work activities and reasonable advanced notice.

- Provision of temporary noise barriers where practical.

- Proper selection and maintenance of machinery to reduce operational noise levels.

- Continual monitoring and assessment of noise level for control in sensitive areas such as schools and hospitals.

- Community relations activities are carried out so that the affected community have full understanding of the project benefits, and accept the temporary inconvenience.


Air quality

The construction of the underground M.R.T. Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line involves the removal of large volumes of soil and many high capacity engines in the construction plant. The resulting dust and engine fumes affect the air quality in the vicinity of the construction.


However, MRTA requires the contractors to take measures to reduce these impacts by carrying out the work in strict compliance with BMA regulations. These include establishing effective dust control in the construction sites as required by the Pollution Control Department, such as wheel washing facilities and secure covering of dump trucks to minimize spillage. Proper selection and maintenance of engines are also measures taken to reduce the pollution from fumes. Regular air quality monitoring ensures compliance with specified standards.

Traffic Management

By nature, underground mass transit construction in high density areas generally necessitates working at or near major road intersections for station construction, for which the open cut and cover construction method is employed. Whilst tunnel boring is usually done without any disturbance to the surface, the route generally runs underneath existing major roads and requires work to be done to surface features obstructing the tunnel passage such as underground utilities, bridges and overpass structures. The impact on traffic is therefore a prime consideration and needs meticulous planning and close coordination with many agencies.


In order to reduce impact on the traffic, MRTA has established guidelines for construction as follows:

- To continually coordinate with all relevant agencies such as the Office of the Commission for the Management of Land Traffic (OCMLT), the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA), and the Traffic Police Division to establish the most beneficial traffic schemes.

- To minimize the construction area for least traffic obstruction, and to install adequate construction warning signs.

- To exercise stringent control of construction equipment movement and loading time.

- To use every possible means to give advance notification of the traffic diversion to the public.

Temporary traffic decking is used to minimize openings in the traffic surface during construction.

As a result of coordination and cooperation of all concerned parties, MRTA is proud to report that traffic management has been carried out to the satisfaction of all, particularly the public, with a very low incidence of traffic complaints to date.

Vibration

Some construction activities cause surface vibration, such as piling, excavation and removal of buildings. However, the impact on neighbouring structures is deemed to be very slight since the route corridor is along a major road lined with large commercial and office buildings on deep piled foundations. Private residences are generally some distance from the corridor and the impact on the nearby residents is usually limited to annoying disturbances. The vibration caused by tunnel boring occurs at the depth of the boring, and is mostly cushioned by the soil.However, in order to minimize the impact, MRTA has required the contractor to select the method of construction which causes least vibration and also to strictly control the operation of equipment causing vibration.

Water Quality

During construction, there may be an increase in suspended solids from construction site discharge and also increased quantities of oil and grease from machinery operation. During the rainy season, the surface runoff may wash these discharges into nearby drainage systems and public waterways, affecting the water quality.


In order to reduce this impact, MRTA has required the installation of sedimentation ponds before discharging into the waterways, and for major surface construction activities to be carried out during the dry season. Apart from this, maintenance workshops operations are strictly controlled so that oil and grease residues are correctly disposed of.

Waste and Spoil Disposal

            Most of the waste material from construction consists of broken out concrete, soil, sand, wood and other materials from clearing and removal, as well as the waste from building materials used in construction. Other wastes are oils and solvents used in cleaning of construction machinery, and waste from dormitories and labour camps. As far as the removal of excavated soil is concerned, MRTA requires haulage to take place only at night and the soil to be dumped only at specified locations. Other construction wastes are disposed of at the BMA's sites also during nighttime.On this project, the Environmental Management Programme and site-specific action plans have been agreed by all parties including an Environmental Monitoring Working Group consisting of representatives from the Office of Environmental Policy and Planning, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, Thailand Environmental Institute, as well as academics from Chulalongkorn University, and Kasetsart University.


Environmental parameters at each location are regularly monitored and analysed by the Construction Supervision Consultants CSC(1) and CSC(2) and actual site conditions jointly inspected by the Working Group for the contractors' adherence to mitigation measures and follow up action as required.
 
     
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